• Latest
  • Trending

Sri Lankan Elephant Shanthi ‘the most studied elephant in the world’, euthanized at US Zoo

June 29, 2020
Envoy Moragoda bids farewell to Indian NSA and Commerce Minister

Envoy Moragoda bids farewell to Indian NSA and Commerce Minister

October 1, 2023
Lankan Govt to investigate flight of a Tamil judge from the country

Lankan Govt to investigate flight of a Tamil judge from the country

October 1, 2023
What happened to the Kannangara model of education in Sri Lanka?

What happened to the Kannangara model of education in Sri Lanka?

October 1, 2023
Pro-India Solih loses to pro-China Muizzu in Maldivian Presidential poll

Pro-India Solih loses to pro-China Muizzu in Maldivian Presidential poll

October 1, 2023
That Wonder Woman Called Waheeda Rehman

That Wonder Woman Called Waheeda Rehman

September 30, 2023
Is Canada becoming the “new Pakistan” for India

Is Canada becoming the “new Pakistan” for India

September 29, 2023
Maldivians vote today in Presidential runoff election

Maldivians vote today in Presidential runoff election

September 30, 2023
Over 50 killed in blast at Pakistan rally to mark prophet’s birthday

Over 50 killed in blast at Pakistan rally to mark prophet’s birthday

September 29, 2023
Sri Lanka Cricket (SLC)

WATCH: Sri Lanka Vs Bangladesh World Cup warm-up match (Live)

September 29, 2023
China

What China’s economic problems mean for the world

September 29, 2023
Haikun: Taiwan unveils new submarine

Taiwan unveils new submarine to fend off China

September 29, 2023
Cricket World Cup 2023

All the squads for ICC Men’s Cricket World Cup 2023

September 29, 2023
  • About Us
  • Advertisements
  • Privacy Policy
  • Contact
Sunday, October 1, 2023
No Result
View All Result
NewsIn.Asia
  • Home
  • Around South Asia
    • All
    • Afghanistan
    • Bangladesh
    • Bhutan
    • China
    • India
    • Maldives
    • Myanmar
    • Nepal
    • Pakistan
    • Sri Lanka
    Envoy Moragoda bids farewell to Indian NSA and Commerce Minister

    Envoy Moragoda bids farewell to Indian NSA and Commerce Minister

    Lankan Govt to investigate flight of a Tamil judge from the country

    Lankan Govt to investigate flight of a Tamil judge from the country

    What happened to the Kannangara model of education in Sri Lanka?

    What happened to the Kannangara model of education in Sri Lanka?

    Pro-India Solih loses to pro-China Muizzu in Maldivian Presidential poll

    Pro-India Solih loses to pro-China Muizzu in Maldivian Presidential poll

    Is Canada becoming the “new Pakistan” for India

    Is Canada becoming the “new Pakistan” for India

    Maldivians vote today in Presidential runoff election

    Maldivians vote today in Presidential runoff election

    Over 50 killed in blast at Pakistan rally to mark prophet’s birthday

    Over 50 killed in blast at Pakistan rally to mark prophet’s birthday

    Sri Lanka Cricket (SLC)

    WATCH: Sri Lanka Vs Bangladesh World Cup warm-up match (Live)

    China

    What China’s economic problems mean for the world

  • World
    • All
    • Japan
    • Russia
    • United Kingdom
    • United States
    China

    What China’s economic problems mean for the world

    Haikun: Taiwan unveils new submarine

    Taiwan unveils new submarine to fend off China

    Saga of the takeover of Kandy seen through British eyes

    Saga of the takeover of Kandy seen through British eyes

    Whatsapp. Image credits - AARN GIRI / Unsplash

    New features introduced in Whatsapp’s latest update

    This dish on Mugaritz's tasting menu is called "Technique: beef contrasts."

    This country has more of the world’s 50 best restaurants than any other

    Nepal

    Nepal breaks several T20I world records in Asian Games

    ICC Men’s Cricket World Cup

    How has ODI cricket changed since 2011?

    More than 100 dead, 150 injured in Iraq wedding fire

    More than 100 dead, 150 injured in Iraq wedding fire

    Biden’s campaign team to prevent him from falling

    Biden’s campaign team to prevent him from falling

  • Business
  • Politics
  • Sports
  • Entertainment
    • All
    • Books
    • Gaming
    • Movie
    • Music
    • Series
    Jawan is releasing on 4000 screens internationally. It is the widest release for an SRK centric film (Credit: Red Chillies Entertainment)

    This actor is so huge his fans lined up at 4.30 a.m. to watch his new movie

    Instagram. Solen Feyissa @solenfeyissa / Unsplash

    New report reveals highest earners from Instagram posts

    Barbie

    Lebanon bans ‘Barbie’ movie

    How I came to love ‘Oppenheimer’ and still detest the bomb

    How I came to love ‘Oppenheimer’ and still detest the bomb

    Rajnikanth

    Back Offices in Chennai, Bengaluru declare holiday on August 10 for Rajnikanth’s ‘Jailer’ movie premiere

    Taylor Swift

    Taylor Swift Seattle concert generates seismic activity

    Actors Emily Blunt (L), Cillian Murphy (centre) and Florence Pugh (R) at the premiere of Oppenheimer. Image credits - Getty Images.

    Hollywood actors announce historic strike

    Hugh Jackman dons classic Wolverine suit in Deadpool

    Hugh Jackman dons classic Wolverine suit in Deadpool 3 first look

    David Corenswet and Rachel Brosnahan will star in the film, set to come out in 2025. Image credits - Getty Images

    Superman: Legacy finds its Superman and Lois Lane

  • Lifestyle
    • All
    • Fashion
    • Food
    • Health
    • Science
    • Travel
    This dish on Mugaritz's tasting menu is called "Technique: beef contrasts."

    This country has more of the world’s 50 best restaurants than any other

    Biden’s campaign team to prevent him from falling

    Biden’s campaign team to prevent him from falling

    This dish on Mugaritz's tasting menu is called "Technique: beef contrasts."

    The world’s 50 best restaurants for 2023 revealed

    The Upper House (Hong Kong): This beloved Hong Kong classic sits above Admiralty's Pacific Place and features 117 luxuriously-designed rooms. Courtesy Upper House Hong Kong

    World’s 50 best hotels for 2023 revealed

    Indian government’s decision to delay the census raises suspicions, says Lancet

    Indian government’s decision to delay the census raises suspicions, says Lancet

    This airline wants you to travel without clothes

    This airline wants you to travel without clothes

    Sleep. Image credits - Priscilla Du Preez @priscilladupreez / Unsplash

    Diabetes risk increased by 19% due to one common sleeping habit, study finds

    Barcelona. Image credits - Logan Armstrong loganstrongarms

    The best ‘workcation’ cities for remote and hybrid workers around the world

    Child. Image credits - Ippei Naoi | Getty

    Netherlands, home to the world’s happiest kids—6 things parents here never do

    The roots of Chandrayaan 3’s success   

    The roots of Chandrayaan 3’s success   

    Trending Tags

    • Golden Globes
    • Mr. Robot
    • MotoGP 2017
    • Climate Change
    • Flat Earth
  • Tech
    Whatsapp. Image credits - AARN GIRI / Unsplash

    New features introduced in Whatsapp’s latest update

    iPhone 15 and iPhone 15 Plus feature a gorgeous new and durable design, the Dynamic Island, a powerful 48MP Main camera, and A16 Bionic.

    iOS 17 release: See what’s new in iPhone features

    How to erase everything that Google and Facebook know about you

    How to erase everything that Google and Facebook know about you

    Apple

    France orders Apple to halt iPhone 12 sales

    iPhone 15 and iPhone 15 Plus feature a gorgeous new and durable design, the Dynamic Island, a powerful 48MP Main camera, and A16 Bionic.

    Apple debuts iPhone 15 and iPhone 15 Plus

    Apple will host its iPhone 15 launch event called “Wanderlust” in California CREDIT: APPLE INC HANDOUT/EPA-EFE/Shutterstock

    iPhone 15 launch (Live)

    Trending Tags

    • Sillicon Valley
    • Climate Change
    • Election Results
    • Flat Earth
    • Golden Globes
    • MotoGP 2017
    • Mr. Robot
  • Coronavirus
  • Videos
  • Home
  • Around South Asia
    • All
    • Afghanistan
    • Bangladesh
    • Bhutan
    • China
    • India
    • Maldives
    • Myanmar
    • Nepal
    • Pakistan
    • Sri Lanka
    Envoy Moragoda bids farewell to Indian NSA and Commerce Minister

    Envoy Moragoda bids farewell to Indian NSA and Commerce Minister

    Lankan Govt to investigate flight of a Tamil judge from the country

    Lankan Govt to investigate flight of a Tamil judge from the country

    What happened to the Kannangara model of education in Sri Lanka?

    What happened to the Kannangara model of education in Sri Lanka?

    Pro-India Solih loses to pro-China Muizzu in Maldivian Presidential poll

    Pro-India Solih loses to pro-China Muizzu in Maldivian Presidential poll

    Is Canada becoming the “new Pakistan” for India

    Is Canada becoming the “new Pakistan” for India

    Maldivians vote today in Presidential runoff election

    Maldivians vote today in Presidential runoff election

    Over 50 killed in blast at Pakistan rally to mark prophet’s birthday

    Over 50 killed in blast at Pakistan rally to mark prophet’s birthday

    Sri Lanka Cricket (SLC)

    WATCH: Sri Lanka Vs Bangladesh World Cup warm-up match (Live)

    China

    What China’s economic problems mean for the world

  • World
    • All
    • Japan
    • Russia
    • United Kingdom
    • United States
    China

    What China’s economic problems mean for the world

    Haikun: Taiwan unveils new submarine

    Taiwan unveils new submarine to fend off China

    Saga of the takeover of Kandy seen through British eyes

    Saga of the takeover of Kandy seen through British eyes

    Whatsapp. Image credits - AARN GIRI / Unsplash

    New features introduced in Whatsapp’s latest update

    This dish on Mugaritz's tasting menu is called "Technique: beef contrasts."

    This country has more of the world’s 50 best restaurants than any other

    Nepal

    Nepal breaks several T20I world records in Asian Games

    ICC Men’s Cricket World Cup

    How has ODI cricket changed since 2011?

    More than 100 dead, 150 injured in Iraq wedding fire

    More than 100 dead, 150 injured in Iraq wedding fire

    Biden’s campaign team to prevent him from falling

    Biden’s campaign team to prevent him from falling

  • Business
  • Politics
  • Sports
  • Entertainment
    • All
    • Books
    • Gaming
    • Movie
    • Music
    • Series
    Jawan is releasing on 4000 screens internationally. It is the widest release for an SRK centric film (Credit: Red Chillies Entertainment)

    This actor is so huge his fans lined up at 4.30 a.m. to watch his new movie

    Instagram. Solen Feyissa @solenfeyissa / Unsplash

    New report reveals highest earners from Instagram posts

    Barbie

    Lebanon bans ‘Barbie’ movie

    How I came to love ‘Oppenheimer’ and still detest the bomb

    How I came to love ‘Oppenheimer’ and still detest the bomb

    Rajnikanth

    Back Offices in Chennai, Bengaluru declare holiday on August 10 for Rajnikanth’s ‘Jailer’ movie premiere

    Taylor Swift

    Taylor Swift Seattle concert generates seismic activity

    Actors Emily Blunt (L), Cillian Murphy (centre) and Florence Pugh (R) at the premiere of Oppenheimer. Image credits - Getty Images.

    Hollywood actors announce historic strike

    Hugh Jackman dons classic Wolverine suit in Deadpool

    Hugh Jackman dons classic Wolverine suit in Deadpool 3 first look

    David Corenswet and Rachel Brosnahan will star in the film, set to come out in 2025. Image credits - Getty Images

    Superman: Legacy finds its Superman and Lois Lane

  • Lifestyle
    • All
    • Fashion
    • Food
    • Health
    • Science
    • Travel
    This dish on Mugaritz's tasting menu is called "Technique: beef contrasts."

    This country has more of the world’s 50 best restaurants than any other

    Biden’s campaign team to prevent him from falling

    Biden’s campaign team to prevent him from falling

    This dish on Mugaritz's tasting menu is called "Technique: beef contrasts."

    The world’s 50 best restaurants for 2023 revealed

    The Upper House (Hong Kong): This beloved Hong Kong classic sits above Admiralty's Pacific Place and features 117 luxuriously-designed rooms. Courtesy Upper House Hong Kong

    World’s 50 best hotels for 2023 revealed

    Indian government’s decision to delay the census raises suspicions, says Lancet

    Indian government’s decision to delay the census raises suspicions, says Lancet

    This airline wants you to travel without clothes

    This airline wants you to travel without clothes

    Sleep. Image credits - Priscilla Du Preez @priscilladupreez / Unsplash

    Diabetes risk increased by 19% due to one common sleeping habit, study finds

    Barcelona. Image credits - Logan Armstrong loganstrongarms

    The best ‘workcation’ cities for remote and hybrid workers around the world

    Child. Image credits - Ippei Naoi | Getty

    Netherlands, home to the world’s happiest kids—6 things parents here never do

    The roots of Chandrayaan 3’s success   

    The roots of Chandrayaan 3’s success   

    Trending Tags

    • Golden Globes
    • Mr. Robot
    • MotoGP 2017
    • Climate Change
    • Flat Earth
  • Tech
    Whatsapp. Image credits - AARN GIRI / Unsplash

    New features introduced in Whatsapp’s latest update

    iPhone 15 and iPhone 15 Plus feature a gorgeous new and durable design, the Dynamic Island, a powerful 48MP Main camera, and A16 Bionic.

    iOS 17 release: See what’s new in iPhone features

    How to erase everything that Google and Facebook know about you

    How to erase everything that Google and Facebook know about you

    Apple

    France orders Apple to halt iPhone 12 sales

    iPhone 15 and iPhone 15 Plus feature a gorgeous new and durable design, the Dynamic Island, a powerful 48MP Main camera, and A16 Bionic.

    Apple debuts iPhone 15 and iPhone 15 Plus

    Apple will host its iPhone 15 launch event called “Wanderlust” in California CREDIT: APPLE INC HANDOUT/EPA-EFE/Shutterstock

    iPhone 15 launch (Live)

    Trending Tags

    • Sillicon Valley
    • Climate Change
    • Election Results
    • Flat Earth
    • Golden Globes
    • MotoGP 2017
    • Mr. Robot
  • Coronavirus
  • Videos
NewsIn.Asia
No Result
View All Result
Home Around South Asia Sri Lanka

Sri Lankan Elephant Shanthi ‘the most studied elephant in the world’, euthanized at US Zoo

Editor by Editor
June 29, 2020
in Sri Lanka, Top Story
Reading Time: 5 mins read
5 1
A A
Share on WhatsApp

Colombo, June 29 – The Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute in the United States announced the death of a female Sri Lankan elephant ‘Shanthi’.

“After decades of managing and treating Shanthi’s osteoarthritis, animal care staff recently noted that her physical condition had irreversibly declined. They elected to humanely euthanize her June 26. Shanthi was estimated to be around 45 years old,” the Smithsonian’s National Zoo said.

“Female Asian elephants in human care typically live into their mid-40s; scientists speculate wild Asian elephants have a similar lifespan. During Shanthi’s 44-year-long tenure at the Zoo, she made significant contributions to the conservation community’s knowledge about the biology, reproduction, diseases and ecology of this critically endangered species.”

ADVERTISEMENT

Generations of staff and visitors have come to know and love Shanthi and, by extension, Asian elephants,” said Steven Monfort, John and Adrienne Mars Director, Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute. “Her contributions to research and medicine have made an indelible mark on our efforts to save her wild counterparts from extinction, as well as improve the lives of her fellow animal ambassadors. Over the past few years in particular, our elephant and veterinary teams have gone the extra mile to ensure Shanthi’s physical, social and mental well-being. They have her best interest at heart, and I am grateful for their professionalism in providing her with extraordinary care and compassion.”

Shanthi’s Recent Health Treatments
Like many aging animals, Shanthi had osteoarthritis, a degenerative disease affecting joint cartilage and the underlying bone with associated pain and stiffness. She was first diagnosed with the chronic condition in her carpi (wrists) when she was in her teens, and elephant keepers and veterinarians have spent decades successfully managing her disease with multi-modal therapies. While arthritis does not have a cure, animal care staff implemented innovative ways to control Shanthi’s condition, ease her discomfort and improve her overall quality of life. Shanthi was the first to receive therapies that had not previously been used in elephants, including intra-articular (joint) injections of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Protein (IRAP)—a treatment using autologous conditioned serum to slow the progression of osteoarthritis—from  2016 through 2018, and Osphos—an intra-muscular medication that helps to minimize bony remodeling—in April 2019. In addition, the team managed Shanthi’s comfort using non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, analgesics and joint supplements.

As part of their daily husbandry routine, elephant keepers use a chart to track the animals’ daily activity, movement, appetite and social interactions. Over the past several weeks, the level of pain and discomfort Shanthi experienced appeared to significantly increase. She frequently interrupted her walks to rest, took multiple breaks during routine pedicures, could not get comfortable to sleep at night and sometimes winced when taking a step. Her physical limitations affected her social relationships with her herd mates, namely Bozie and Swarna. Animal care staff were concerned that Shanthi did not have the energy or ability to move about as much as the other elephants, which led her to spend less time with them. Because she chose not to lie down or enter the pools to relieve the pressure on her joints, keepers provided her with sand-piles, tractor tires and large logs to lean against for support. Given Shanthi’s declining quality of life and poor long-term prognosis, animal care staff made the decision to humanely euthanize her.

Shanthi’s euthanasia took place in the Elephant Barn. Bozie, Maharani, Spike and Swarna were not present for the procedure, but were given an opportunity to spend some time with their deceased herd mate given their close bond with her. Many scientists believe that the process of exploring the body of the deceased elephant is a recognition of the death and is likely part of a grieving process. Elephants will commonly touch the temporal glands, ear canal, mouth and trunk tip. Often, they will make a rumble vocalization while inspecting the body. Keepers granted Bozie and Maharani access first, and they walked around Shanthi for about an hour. Bozie assumed a protective stance beside Shanthi, while Maharani inquisitively investigated Shanthi’s trunk. After they departed, Spike and Swarna were allowed into the Barn. Likewise, they sniffed and touched Shanthi with their trunks. Similar to Maharani, Swarna spent some time manipulating Shanthi’s trunk. Elephant care staff described their visits as calm, quiet and gentle.

Shanthi’s History at the Smithsonian’s National Zoo
Born in Sri Lanka around 1975, Shanthi lived at the Pinnawela Elephant Orphanage until 1976 when she arrived at the Smithsonian’s National Zoo as a gift from the children of Sri Lanka. The elephant care team fondly remembers Shanthi as a social and confident elephant, yet one who made caretakers earn her respect and friendship. In particular, she seemed to relish in a husbandry training session or enrichment items that challenged her to think and problem solve.

Most Zoo animals participate in the Association of Zoos and Aquariums’ Species Survival Plan (SSP). The SSP scientists determine which animals to breed by considering their genetic makeup, nutritional and social needs, temperament and overall health. Shanthi’s contribution to the study of Asian elephant reproduction is especially noteworthy. In 1996, she was the first elephant to be artificially inseminated using a new catheter technique with daily hormone monitoring to precisely time ovulation. Today, zoos throughout the globe use this technique to aid in breeding management.

Shanthi was a dedicated and caring mother to two calves: female Kumari (b. 1993) and Kandula, who was born in 2001 as the result of artificial insemination. Their births shed light on important reproductive patterns related to pregnancy, birth and lactation. The information Zoo scientists learned led to improved birth-management protocols for elephants in human care. Kumari died of the elephant endotheliotropic virus (EEHV) in 1995; Kandula currently lives at the Oklahoma City Zoo.

Shanthi was, arguably, the most studied elephant in the world. As part of the Zoo’s enrichment and training program, she voluntarily participated in daily husbandry care and medical procedures. Not only did this allow animal care staff to routinely monitor her health, but also it gave her the opportunity to help Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI) scientists better understand the behavior, biology, reproduction and ecology of Asian elephants. In addition to Shanthi’s contributions to osteoarthritis research, she routinely allowed staff to collect blood samples for SCBI’s endocrine lab, enabling Zoo scientists to study her cortisol levels. Her eating habits, enrichment preferences and movements were cataloged by keepers to help inform best husbandry and management practices, as well as by Zoo scientists who are working to mitigate human–elephant conflict in their native habitats.

Asian Elephant Conservation
Native to 13 countries throughout South Asia and Southeast Asia, Asian elephants are considered endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature due to poaching, habitat loss and human–elephant conflict. Conservation scientists estimate the total population to be between 30,000 and 50,000 individuals.

For more than 50 years, scientists at the Zoo and Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute have been at the forefront of studying Asian elephants at the Zoo and in their native habitats. Together, they are creating a comprehensive view of Asian elephant biology, behavior, reproduction, health, genetics, migration, EEHV and the challenges surrounding human–elephant conflict. Because of its existing relations with U.S. and foreign governments, non-governmental organizations, and major academic and zoological institutions in elephant range countries, the Zoo is uniquely positioned to spearhead efforts that improve life for Asian elephants in zoos and save them in the wild.

As a public health precaution due to COVID-19, the Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute is temporarily closed to the public. Upon reopening, visitors to the Elephant Trails habitat can view the Zoo’s male elephant, Spike, and four female elephants: Bozie, Kamala, Swarna and Maharani. Meantime, visitors to the Zoo’s website can watch them on the Elephant Cam. (Daily Mirror)

Related Posts

Envoy Moragoda bids farewell to Indian NSA and Commerce Minister
Diplomacy

Envoy Moragoda bids farewell to Indian NSA and Commerce Minister

October 1, 2023
Lankan Govt to investigate flight of a Tamil judge from the country
Crime

Lankan Govt to investigate flight of a Tamil judge from the country

October 1, 2023
What happened to the Kannangara model of education in Sri Lanka?
Education

What happened to the Kannangara model of education in Sri Lanka?

October 1, 2023
Pro-India Solih loses to pro-China Muizzu in Maldivian Presidential poll
China

Pro-India Solih loses to pro-China Muizzu in Maldivian Presidential poll

October 1, 2023
Sri Lanka Cricket (SLC)
Around South Asia

WATCH: Sri Lanka Vs Bangladesh World Cup warm-up match (Live)

September 29, 2023
Anniversary of India-Lanka Technical Cooperation Programme celebrated
Development news

Anniversary of India-Lanka Technical Cooperation Programme celebrated

September 28, 2023
  • Electricity

    Power cut schedule for today in Sri Lanka: Uninterrupted power supply

    60412 shares
    Share 24187 Tweet 15094
  • Registration open for National Fuel Pass

    6647 shares
    Share 2696 Tweet 1646
  • Foreign Currency Official Exchange Rates from Central Bank of Sri Lanka

    2097 shares
    Share 845 Tweet 522
  • 12 hour water cut in areas of Colombo

    817 shares
    Share 348 Tweet 195
  • WATCH : Yohani’s first live performance in India

    791 shares
    Share 329 Tweet 193
  • About Us
  • Advertisements
  • Privacy Policy
  • Contact

© 2022 All rights reserved.

No Result
View All Result
  • Home
  • Around South Asia
    • Afghanistan
    • Bangladesh
    • Bhutan
    • China
    • India
    • Maldives
    • Myanmar
    • Nepal
    • Pakistan
    • Sri Lanka
  • Around The World
  • Breaking News
  • Business
    • Exchange
  • Climate Change
  • Governance
    • Crime
    • Diplomacy
    • Defense
    • Human Rights
    • Politics
    • Strategic Affairs
  • Lifestyle
    • Books
    • Entertainment
      • Arts
      • Cinema
      • Gaming
      • Music
      • Movie
      • Series
      • TV
    • Health
    • Fashion
    • Food
    • Travel
  • Culture
    • Ethnicity
    • Gender
  • Development news
  • Economy
  • Education
  • Environment
  • Coronavirus
  • History
  • National
  • Offbeat
    • Media
    • Music and arts across South Asia
  • Recommended
    • Headlines
    • Highlights
    • Top Picture
    • Top Story
  • Religion
  • Science
  • Sports
    • Football
    • Cricket
      • LPL
      • IPL
    • Tennis
    • Formula 1
    • NBA
  • Tech
    • Instagram
  • United Nations
  • Weather
  • World
    • Japan
    • Russia
    • United States
  • Videos

© 2022 All rights reserved.

Welcome Back!

Login to your account below

Forgotten Password?

Retrieve your password

Please enter your username or email address to reset your password.

Log In

Add New Playlist

eskisehir escort -

https://www.vudols.com/

- mersin escort - Antalya korsan taksi -
ip booter
-
deneme bonusu
- deneme bonusu veren siteler - Kiralık bahis sitesi - vbet giriş