• Latest
  • Trending
Resolving the human-elephant conflict without elimination

Resolving the human-elephant conflict without elimination

March 30, 2021
Covid-19 representational image. Fusion Medical Animation @fusion_medical_animation / Unsplash

Covid-19 deaths and cases update in Sri Lanka

August 17, 2022
Elon Musk

Elon Musk says he is buying Manchester United

August 17, 2022
Gotabaya Rajapaksa

Govt says Gotabaya Rajapaksa not using state funds on expenses abroad

August 17, 2022
Britain launches trade system for developing countries including Sri Lanka

Britain launches trade system for developing countries including Sri Lanka

August 17, 2022
Electricity

Power cut schedule today in Sri Lanka: 17th August

August 17, 2022
Wickremesinghe reiterates Sri Lanka’s commitment to the One-China policy

Lanka round-up: No extension of Emergency after August 18: President

August 17, 2022
Indian Railway

Man wins 22-year legal battle against Indian Railway over 25 cents

August 16, 2022
Colombo lit up by Lotus Tower. Photo: Tang Lu/Xinhua

Colombo Lotus Tower reveals next phase of it’s business plan

August 16, 2022
Robots in a Chinese factory. Photo: Xinhua

China’s worst heatwave in 60 years is forcing factories to close

August 16, 2022
Exchange Rate

Foreign Exchange Rates from Central Bank of Sri Lanka; USD, GBP, EUR, SGD, CAD

August 16, 2022
A view shows a bionic hand developed by COVVI, at Quayside Business Park in Leeds, Britain. (Photo: Reuters)

Bionic hand can be updated with new gestures, anytime, anywhere

August 16, 2022
How India came out of the 1991 economic crisis

How India came out of the 1991 economic crisis

August 16, 2022
  • About Us
  • Advertisements
  • Privacy Policy
  • Contact
Wednesday, August 17, 2022
No Result
View All Result
NewsIn.Asia
  • Home
  • Around South Asia
    • All
    • Afghanistan
    • Bangladesh
    • Bhutan
    • China
    • India
    • Maldives
    • Myanmar
    • Nepal
    • Pakistan
    • Sri Lanka
    Covid-19 representational image. Fusion Medical Animation @fusion_medical_animation / Unsplash

    Covid-19 deaths and cases update in Sri Lanka

    Gotabaya Rajapaksa

    Govt says Gotabaya Rajapaksa not using state funds on expenses abroad

    Britain launches trade system for developing countries including Sri Lanka

    Britain launches trade system for developing countries including Sri Lanka

    Electricity

    Power cut schedule today in Sri Lanka: 17th August

    Wickremesinghe reiterates Sri Lanka’s commitment to the One-China policy

    Lanka round-up: No extension of Emergency after August 18: President

    Indian Railway

    Man wins 22-year legal battle against Indian Railway over 25 cents

    Colombo lit up by Lotus Tower. Photo: Tang Lu/Xinhua

    Colombo Lotus Tower reveals next phase of it’s business plan

    Robots in a Chinese factory. Photo: Xinhua

    China’s worst heatwave in 60 years is forcing factories to close

    Exchange Rate

    Foreign Exchange Rates from Central Bank of Sri Lanka; USD, GBP, EUR, SGD, CAD

  • World
    • All
    • Japan
    • Russia
    • United Kingdom
    • United States
    Elon Musk

    Elon Musk says he is buying Manchester United

    Britain launches trade system for developing countries including Sri Lanka

    Britain launches trade system for developing countries including Sri Lanka

    A view shows a bionic hand developed by COVVI, at Quayside Business Park in Leeds, Britain. (Photo: Reuters)

    Bionic hand can be updated with new gestures, anytime, anywhere

    Kenya's Deputy President and presidential candidate William Ruto of Kenya Kwanza (Kenya first) political party coalition delivers a speech the rally on the final day of campaigning at the Nyayo National Stadium in Nairobi on August 6, 2022.

    William Ruto defeats Raila Odinga to win Kenyan presidency

    Digital. Image credits - Scott Graham @homajob / Unsplash

    In remote work and tech companies, job titles have gotten longer – and fancier

    Donald Trump

    FBI searched Trump’s home to look for nuclear documents and other items, sources say

    Walk. Image credits - Arek Adeoye @areksan / Unsplash

    Why even 2 minutes of walking after a meal will improve your health

    (AP Photo/Jon Super, File)

    Benzema, Ronaldo and Haaland nominated for Ballon d’Or, Messi misses out

    Russia-Ukraine crisis: Ukraine government and human rights groups reported that Russian forces may have used thermobaric weapons. (AP)

    Ukraine and Russia: What you need to know right now

  • Business
  • Politics
  • Sports
  • Entertainment
    • All
    • Books
    • Gaming
    • Movie
    • Music
    • Series
    Raksha Bandhan to Laal Singh Chaddha: ‘Struggling’ Bollywood’s online hate problem

    Raksha Bandhan to Laal Singh Chaddha: ‘Struggling’ Bollywood’s online hate problem

    Marvel has unleashed the first look teaser of Black Panther 2.

    Black Panther Wakanda Forever: Marvel pays emotional tribute to Chadwick Boseman

    Stranger Things

    Netflix confirms ‘Stranger Things’ spinoff and play

    Kamal Haasan's Vikram is on a rampage.

    Kamal Haasan’s Vikram is the highest-grossing film in Singapore, UK and UAE

    Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone

    ‘Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone’ celebrates 25 magical years

    Salman Khan

    Plot to kill Bollywood actor Salman Khan revealed

    Shah Rukh Khan's Jawaan, to be directed by Atlee, to scheduled for June 2023 release. (Photo: Twitter)

    Shah Rukh Khan announces new film ‘Jawaan’

    Chchutir diner Gaan by Bangladeshi singer Nondita

    Chchutir diner Gaan by Bangladeshi singer Nondita

    Song “Bechain Nazar Betaab Jigar”. Talat Mahmood. Film “Yasmin” 1955

    Song “Bechain Nazar Betaab Jigar”. Talat Mahmood. Film “Yasmin” 1955

  • Lifestyle
    • All
    • Fashion
    • Food
    • Health
    • Science
    • Travel
    Digital. Image credits - Scott Graham @homajob / Unsplash

    In remote work and tech companies, job titles have gotten longer – and fancier

    Walk. Image credits - Arek Adeoye @areksan / Unsplash

    Why even 2 minutes of walking after a meal will improve your health

    Cheeseburger. Image credits - Alamy / BBC

    McDonald’s puts up price of cheeseburger for first time in 14 years

    WHO declares rapidly spreading monkeypox outbreak a global health emergency

    WHO declares rapidly spreading monkeypox outbreak a global health emergency

    Sushmita Sen. Image credits - Getty Images

    Sushmita Sen: Why ‘gold digger’ jibe caused outrage

    Honey. Image credits - Mariana Ibanez / Unsplash

    7 unique health benefits of honey

    alcohol

    Alcohol is never healthy for people under 40, study finds

    world’s happiest countries in 2022

    List of world’s happiest countries in 2022

    Emirates

    Emirates statement on operations at London Heathrow

    The main aim of the team is to enable them to collect microplastics in deeper water and provide information to analyse marine pollution in real time. (File Pic)

    Chinese scientists develop robot fish that gobble up microplastics

    Trending Tags

    • Golden Globes
    • Mr. Robot
    • MotoGP 2017
    • Climate Change
    • Flat Earth
  • Tech
    A view shows a bionic hand developed by COVVI, at Quayside Business Park in Leeds, Britain. (Photo: Reuters)

    Bionic hand can be updated with new gestures, anytime, anywhere

    FILE PHOTO: The Netflix logo is pictured on a television in this illustration photograph taken in Encinitas, California, U.S., January 18, 2017. REUTERS/Mike Blake/File Photo

    Disney overtakes Netflix in race for subscribers

    Samsung unveiled its new Galaxy Z Flip 4 and Z Fold 4 phones on Aug 10, 2022. (Photo: Samsung)

    5 things to know about Samsung’s new Galaxy Z Flip 4 and Galaxy Z Fold 4 foldable smartphones

    Image: WhatsApp

    WhatsApp’s new update makes it easier to avoid your friends

    Snapchat. Image credits - May Gauthier @maygauthier / Unsplash

    Snap launches tools for parents to monitor teens’ contacts

    FILE PHOTO: A 3D printed Google logo is seen in this illustration taken April 12, 2020. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration/File Photo

    Thousands of users around the world report Google outage

    Trending Tags

    • Sillicon Valley
    • Climate Change
    • Election Results
    • Flat Earth
    • Golden Globes
    • MotoGP 2017
    • Mr. Robot
  • Coronavirus
  • Videos
  • Home
  • Around South Asia
    • All
    • Afghanistan
    • Bangladesh
    • Bhutan
    • China
    • India
    • Maldives
    • Myanmar
    • Nepal
    • Pakistan
    • Sri Lanka
    Covid-19 representational image. Fusion Medical Animation @fusion_medical_animation / Unsplash

    Covid-19 deaths and cases update in Sri Lanka

    Gotabaya Rajapaksa

    Govt says Gotabaya Rajapaksa not using state funds on expenses abroad

    Britain launches trade system for developing countries including Sri Lanka

    Britain launches trade system for developing countries including Sri Lanka

    Electricity

    Power cut schedule today in Sri Lanka: 17th August

    Wickremesinghe reiterates Sri Lanka’s commitment to the One-China policy

    Lanka round-up: No extension of Emergency after August 18: President

    Indian Railway

    Man wins 22-year legal battle against Indian Railway over 25 cents

    Colombo lit up by Lotus Tower. Photo: Tang Lu/Xinhua

    Colombo Lotus Tower reveals next phase of it’s business plan

    Robots in a Chinese factory. Photo: Xinhua

    China’s worst heatwave in 60 years is forcing factories to close

    Exchange Rate

    Foreign Exchange Rates from Central Bank of Sri Lanka; USD, GBP, EUR, SGD, CAD

  • World
    • All
    • Japan
    • Russia
    • United Kingdom
    • United States
    Elon Musk

    Elon Musk says he is buying Manchester United

    Britain launches trade system for developing countries including Sri Lanka

    Britain launches trade system for developing countries including Sri Lanka

    A view shows a bionic hand developed by COVVI, at Quayside Business Park in Leeds, Britain. (Photo: Reuters)

    Bionic hand can be updated with new gestures, anytime, anywhere

    Kenya's Deputy President and presidential candidate William Ruto of Kenya Kwanza (Kenya first) political party coalition delivers a speech the rally on the final day of campaigning at the Nyayo National Stadium in Nairobi on August 6, 2022.

    William Ruto defeats Raila Odinga to win Kenyan presidency

    Digital. Image credits - Scott Graham @homajob / Unsplash

    In remote work and tech companies, job titles have gotten longer – and fancier

    Donald Trump

    FBI searched Trump’s home to look for nuclear documents and other items, sources say

    Walk. Image credits - Arek Adeoye @areksan / Unsplash

    Why even 2 minutes of walking after a meal will improve your health

    (AP Photo/Jon Super, File)

    Benzema, Ronaldo and Haaland nominated for Ballon d’Or, Messi misses out

    Russia-Ukraine crisis: Ukraine government and human rights groups reported that Russian forces may have used thermobaric weapons. (AP)

    Ukraine and Russia: What you need to know right now

  • Business
  • Politics
  • Sports
  • Entertainment
    • All
    • Books
    • Gaming
    • Movie
    • Music
    • Series
    Raksha Bandhan to Laal Singh Chaddha: ‘Struggling’ Bollywood’s online hate problem

    Raksha Bandhan to Laal Singh Chaddha: ‘Struggling’ Bollywood’s online hate problem

    Marvel has unleashed the first look teaser of Black Panther 2.

    Black Panther Wakanda Forever: Marvel pays emotional tribute to Chadwick Boseman

    Stranger Things

    Netflix confirms ‘Stranger Things’ spinoff and play

    Kamal Haasan's Vikram is on a rampage.

    Kamal Haasan’s Vikram is the highest-grossing film in Singapore, UK and UAE

    Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone

    ‘Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone’ celebrates 25 magical years

    Salman Khan

    Plot to kill Bollywood actor Salman Khan revealed

    Shah Rukh Khan's Jawaan, to be directed by Atlee, to scheduled for June 2023 release. (Photo: Twitter)

    Shah Rukh Khan announces new film ‘Jawaan’

    Chchutir diner Gaan by Bangladeshi singer Nondita

    Chchutir diner Gaan by Bangladeshi singer Nondita

    Song “Bechain Nazar Betaab Jigar”. Talat Mahmood. Film “Yasmin” 1955

    Song “Bechain Nazar Betaab Jigar”. Talat Mahmood. Film “Yasmin” 1955

  • Lifestyle
    • All
    • Fashion
    • Food
    • Health
    • Science
    • Travel
    Digital. Image credits - Scott Graham @homajob / Unsplash

    In remote work and tech companies, job titles have gotten longer – and fancier

    Walk. Image credits - Arek Adeoye @areksan / Unsplash

    Why even 2 minutes of walking after a meal will improve your health

    Cheeseburger. Image credits - Alamy / BBC

    McDonald’s puts up price of cheeseburger for first time in 14 years

    WHO declares rapidly spreading monkeypox outbreak a global health emergency

    WHO declares rapidly spreading monkeypox outbreak a global health emergency

    Sushmita Sen. Image credits - Getty Images

    Sushmita Sen: Why ‘gold digger’ jibe caused outrage

    Honey. Image credits - Mariana Ibanez / Unsplash

    7 unique health benefits of honey

    alcohol

    Alcohol is never healthy for people under 40, study finds

    world’s happiest countries in 2022

    List of world’s happiest countries in 2022

    Emirates

    Emirates statement on operations at London Heathrow

    The main aim of the team is to enable them to collect microplastics in deeper water and provide information to analyse marine pollution in real time. (File Pic)

    Chinese scientists develop robot fish that gobble up microplastics

    Trending Tags

    • Golden Globes
    • Mr. Robot
    • MotoGP 2017
    • Climate Change
    • Flat Earth
  • Tech
    A view shows a bionic hand developed by COVVI, at Quayside Business Park in Leeds, Britain. (Photo: Reuters)

    Bionic hand can be updated with new gestures, anytime, anywhere

    FILE PHOTO: The Netflix logo is pictured on a television in this illustration photograph taken in Encinitas, California, U.S., January 18, 2017. REUTERS/Mike Blake/File Photo

    Disney overtakes Netflix in race for subscribers

    Samsung unveiled its new Galaxy Z Flip 4 and Z Fold 4 phones on Aug 10, 2022. (Photo: Samsung)

    5 things to know about Samsung’s new Galaxy Z Flip 4 and Galaxy Z Fold 4 foldable smartphones

    Image: WhatsApp

    WhatsApp’s new update makes it easier to avoid your friends

    Snapchat. Image credits - May Gauthier @maygauthier / Unsplash

    Snap launches tools for parents to monitor teens’ contacts

    FILE PHOTO: A 3D printed Google logo is seen in this illustration taken April 12, 2020. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration/File Photo

    Thousands of users around the world report Google outage

    Trending Tags

    • Sillicon Valley
    • Climate Change
    • Election Results
    • Flat Earth
    • Golden Globes
    • MotoGP 2017
    • Mr. Robot
  • Coronavirus
  • Videos
NewsIn.Asia
No Result
View All Result
Home Environment

Resolving the human-elephant conflict without elimination

Editor by Editor
March 30, 2021
in Environment, Food, Sri Lanka, Top Story
Reading Time: 6 mins read
10 0
A A
Resolving the human-elephant conflict without elimination

Vasana, an elephant in Southern Sri-Lanka being collared in 2012. Photo. Center for Conservation and Research.

27
SHARES
Share on WhatsApp

By P.K.Balachandran

Colombo, March  30 (Daily Mirror): The human-elephant conflict is a modern phenomenon owning its existence to man’s increasing developmental needs and the expansion of the human population due to improved health and living conditions of people. Pushed by sheer need, if not greed, man has been forcibly intruding into places where elephants once roamed and foraged freely.

Earlier in the pre-industrial developmental era, people and elephants lived in peace and harmony. Elephants were not killed. They were, of course, captured and traded for use as draught animals, in war as mounts for commanders, and as attractions in temple and royal festivals. In the Indic cultures (ie:  in India, Nepal and Sri Lanka) and much of South East Asia, elephants were objects of veneration. Indian records show that domestication of elephants dates back to 4,500 BCE. Hannibal, the great Carthaginian General, had crossed the Alps in 218 BCE using elephants as transport.

ADVERTISEMENT

However, ivory hunting in Africa and the expansion of populations in Asia virtually ended domestication of elephants. Elimination of elephants began either for profit or to acquire and protect property in their natural habitat. In Sri Lanka, the opening up of new lands for cultivation by post-independence governments led to human-elephant conflicts, which in turn, led to mounting deaths on both sides of the divide.

New Awakening

In August 2020, Sri Lankan President Gotabaya Rajapaksa told Wildlife Department officials that 122 human lives were lost and 407 elephants were killed due to the intrusion of elephants into villages in 2019. He pointed out that it was the responsibility of the Department of Wildlife to feed wild animals which live in 1.2 million hectares under the department’s control. He gave officials two years’ time to end the human-elephant conflict, pointing out that the problem has persisted despite talking about it incessantly for 40 years.

Elephant conservationists could not agree more. Their grievance is that their blueprint for conservation and harmonious human-elephant relations submitted to the government in December 2020, is gathering dust on a shelf. They feel that a solution is possible because it has been found that elephants in Sri Lanka do not migrate long distances but live in around 20,000 hectares.

Presently, Sri Lanka has the highest casualty rate in the human-elephant conflict in the world according to Dr. Sumith Pilapitiya, former Director-General of the Wildlife Department. But despite the constant killings, Sri Lanka still has around 7,500 elephants according to the BBC. Elephant density is the highest in Sri Lanka. But about 70% of the elephants live outside the officially Protected Areas (PAs), and thus are a source of conflict with humans. In fact, 85% of elephant deaths are due to clashes with humans.

According to a report in The Island, every year, between 2011 and 2020, 272 elephants had died on an average. In 2020, the toll had hit 407.

The average human death rate due to the human-elephant conflict was 71 between 2005 and 2010 and 54 between 1992 and 2001. The human death rate had increased by about 14% from the previous decade and by about 50% in comparison to the past two decades. The number of human deaths in this connection had spiked to 112 in 2020, a sharp increase. Interestingly, in India, more humans and fewer elephants die in such conflicts. The annual human death number in India is 400 as against 100 elephant deaths.

Writing in Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Matt W. Hayward of the University of Newcastle, Australia, says that elephants consume up to 150 kg of forage and 190 litres of water daily. Meeting these basic needs requires a large foraging area to provide a variety of grasses, shrubs, tree leaves, roots, and fruits. A typical family of elephants (5–20) has a home range size of 100 to 1,000 sq. km.

Hayward says that left to themselves, elephants enrich the environment by dispersing seeds over a wide area. There is therefore a requirement to maintain a healthy population of elephants, he argues.

Establishing ecological corridors is one way of approaching the human-elephant conflict. But development and infrastructure expansion in or surrounding elephant habitats are generally executed without concern for their ecological impact. This results in conflicts.

Electric fences, Trenches and Noises

Physical exclusion methods such as electric fences and trenches are commonly used to deter elephants from entering farmland and human settlements. But the cost of construction of these hurdles and their long-term maintenance is heavy. Interestingly, studies in Africa show that once elephants learn that their tusks do not conduct electricity, they use their tusks to break an enclosing electric fence! Physical barriers also negatively affect movement necessary for the elephants’  survival.

Making noises to frighten the elephant is another technique that is adopted. But some studies show that elephants quickly learn to tolerate these sounds and raid farms. Maintaining sound systems also present logistical challenges in remote areas, although the method is 65 to 100% effective. Recent studies in Africa show promising results for bio-acoustic methods such as using beehive fences to deter elephants. Beekeeping is also an income generator for farmers.

Early Warning Systems and Relocation

Early warning systems including placement of detectors are also used. But these require internet connectivity or network coverage to transfer alerts to farmers, which limits the practicality of infrasonic receivers in remote areas. Scientists can also put a radio collar on an elephant and trace its movements to warn farmers.

Removal or relocation of elephants is another method used to keep their movements in check. But elephants have a way of coming back to their homes – their original habitat, reports Malaka Rodrigo on the website www.mongabay.com. He reports that an elephant named “Homey”, which was GPS collard in 2006 walked back home from Yala National Park’s Block II where it was relocated. It was then relocated to Udawalawe but came back. It was then dispatched to Maduru Oya. It tried to come back from there too but was shot dead on the way. Elephants detest relocation. 

Agricultural Deterrents

Agriculture-based deterrents have proved useful. Chili-grease covered fences have proved to be effective to an extent. But this technique is expensive. Another agriculture-based deterrent involves interspersing commonly raided crops with crops that are less attractive or palatable to elephants. In addition to serving as repellents, these alternative crops, such as chamomile, coriander, mint, ginger, onion, garlic, lemongrass, and orange, can economically benefit farmers.

Sri Lanka Wildlife Conservation Society (SLWCS) has the Project Orange Elephant. Elephants do not like citrus fruits of any kind. They will not approach a home or garden, no matter how food-filled it is if it means passing through a row of citrus trees. So the Project Orange Elephant’s goal is to get as many local farmers as possible to plant orange trees around their home gardens to create a soft buffer and deter invading elephants. According to www.treehugger.com since its inception in 2006, 17,500 orange trees have been planted and the goal is to reach 50,000 by 2025.

In the Hambantota District, the project uses a variety of grafted local orange (Citrus sinensis) known as Bibile Sweet that had been developed in Sri Lanka to suit local climatic conditions. This variety grows well in marginalised land and does not need frequent irrigation. It bears fruit within 1.5 to 3 years. Each tree can provide from 300 to 600 fruits per season. Each tree has a fruiting cycle of two seasons per year. Bibile Sweet is a high-quality fruit known for its fresh sweetness, value-added products, and has good market demand. By planting these trees alongside their crops, particularly in the border areas adjacent to elephant habitats, crop-raiding by elephants can be reduced, while also supplementing farmers’ income.

“Saving Elephants by Helping People” is the underlying and overlying philosophy as well as the goal and objective of the Sri Lanka Wildlife Conservation Society’s efforts to develop holistic and sustainable measures to mitigate the Human-Elephant Conflict in Sri Lanka.

END

Tags: Agricultural deterrentsHuman-Elephant conflictSri Lanka

Related Posts

Covid-19 representational image. Fusion Medical Animation @fusion_medical_animation / Unsplash
Around South Asia

Covid-19 deaths and cases update in Sri Lanka

August 17, 2022
Gotabaya Rajapaksa
Around South Asia

Govt says Gotabaya Rajapaksa not using state funds on expenses abroad

August 17, 2022
Britain launches trade system for developing countries including Sri Lanka
Around South Asia

Britain launches trade system for developing countries including Sri Lanka

August 17, 2022
Electricity
Around South Asia

Power cut schedule today in Sri Lanka: 17th August

August 17, 2022
Wickremesinghe reiterates Sri Lanka’s commitment to the One-China policy
Around South Asia

Lanka round-up: No extension of Emergency after August 18: President

August 17, 2022
Colombo lit up by Lotus Tower. Photo: Tang Lu/Xinhua
Around South Asia

Colombo Lotus Tower reveals next phase of it’s business plan

August 16, 2022
  • Electricity

    Power cut schedule today in Sri Lanka: 17th August

    49379 shares
    Share 19765 Tweet 12339
  • Registration open for National Fuel Pass

    6548 shares
    Share 2656 Tweet 1622
  • Foreign Exchange Rates from Central Bank of Sri Lanka; USD, GBP, EUR, SGD, CAD

    1403 shares
    Share 568 Tweet 348
  • WATCH : Yohani’s first live performance in India

    785 shares
    Share 327 Tweet 191
  • Power interruption schedule released: Check your area power cut time

    734 shares
    Share 312 Tweet 176
  • About Us
  • Advertisements
  • Privacy Policy
  • Contact

© 2022 All rights reserved.

No Result
View All Result
  • Home
  • Around South Asia
    • Afghanistan
    • Bangladesh
    • Bhutan
    • China
    • India
    • Maldives
    • Myanmar
    • Nepal
    • Pakistan
    • Sri Lanka
  • Around The World
  • Breaking News
  • Business
    • Exchange
  • Climate Change
  • Governance
    • Crime
    • Diplomacy
    • Defense
    • Human Rights
    • Politics
    • Strategic Affairs
  • Lifestyle
    • Books
    • Entertainment
      • Arts
      • Cinema
      • Gaming
      • Music
      • Movie
      • Series
      • TV
    • Health
    • Fashion
    • Food
    • Travel
  • Culture
    • Ethnicity
    • Gender
  • Development news
  • Economy
  • Education
  • Environment
  • Coronavirus
  • History
  • National
  • Offbeat
    • Media
    • Music and arts across South Asia
  • Recommended
    • Headlines
    • Highlights
    • Top Picture
    • Top Story
  • Religion
  • Science
  • Sports
    • Football
    • Cricket
      • LPL
      • IPL
    • Tennis
    • Formula 1
    • NBA
  • Tech
    • Instagram
  • United Nations
  • Weather
  • World
    • Japan
    • Russia
    • United States
  • Videos

© 2022 All rights reserved.

Welcome Back!

Login to your account below

Forgotten Password? Sign Up

Create New Account!

Fill the forms below to register

All fields are required. Log In

Retrieve your password

Please enter your username or email address to reset your password.

Log In

Add New Playlist

mersin eskort -

Meritroyalbet

-
Jojobet
- Süperbetin - eskisehir escort -

https://www.vudols.com/

- Sağlık Personeli - istanbul avukat