• Latest
  • Trending
It’s time Sri Lanka had a National Maritime Policy, says naval researcher

It’s time Sri Lanka had a National Maritime Policy, says naval researcher

August 6, 2022
China’s rise shapes US Foreign Policy:  Noam Chomsky Says

China’s rise shapes US Foreign Policy:  Noam Chomsky Says

August 7, 2022
Sino-Indian conflict and economic crisis put Sri Lanka in a cleft stick over “spy” ship visit 

Sino-Indian conflict and economic crisis put Sri Lanka in a cleft stick over “spy” ship visit 

August 7, 2022
Rule of law is not the rule of lawyers – Attorney-at-law Manoj Gamage

Rule of law is not the rule of lawyers – Attorney-at-law Manoj Gamage

August 6, 2022
Tightrope walk in trying times

Tightrope walk in trying times

August 6, 2022
Sri Lanka respects India’s concerns and asks Chinese spy vessel to defer visit

Sri Lanka respects India’s concerns and asks Chinese spy vessel to defer visit

August 6, 2022
Electricity

Power cut schedule today; Aug 7 in Sri Lanka

August 6, 2022
National Fuel Pass

National Fuel pass new registration: Notice from ICTA

August 5, 2022
Ali Sabry and S.Jaishankar meet in Cambodia

Ali Sabry and S.Jaishankar meet in Cambodia

August 5, 2022
Wickremesinghe reiterates Sri Lanka’s commitment to the One-China policy

Wickremesinghe reiterates Sri Lanka’s commitment to the One-China policy

August 4, 2022
Similarities and differences between the Taiwan and Ukraine crises

Similarities and differences between the Taiwan and Ukraine crises

August 4, 2022
Sri Lankan President unveils plan to involve citizens in policy making

Sri Lankan President unveils plan to involve citizens in policy making

August 3, 2022
Why Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan is utterly reckless

Why Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan is utterly reckless

August 2, 2022
  • About Us
  • Advertisements
  • Privacy Policy
  • Contact
Sunday, August 7, 2022
No Result
View All Result
NewsIn.Asia
  • Home
  • Around South Asia
    • All
    • Afghanistan
    • Bangladesh
    • Bhutan
    • China
    • India
    • Maldives
    • Myanmar
    • Nepal
    • Pakistan
    • Sri Lanka
    China’s rise shapes US Foreign Policy:  Noam Chomsky Says

    China’s rise shapes US Foreign Policy:  Noam Chomsky Says

    Sino-Indian conflict and economic crisis put Sri Lanka in a cleft stick over “spy” ship visit 

    Sino-Indian conflict and economic crisis put Sri Lanka in a cleft stick over “spy” ship visit 

    Rule of law is not the rule of lawyers – Attorney-at-law Manoj Gamage

    Rule of law is not the rule of lawyers – Attorney-at-law Manoj Gamage

    Sri Lanka respects India’s concerns and asks Chinese spy vessel to defer visit

    Sri Lanka respects India’s concerns and asks Chinese spy vessel to defer visit

    Electricity

    Power cut schedule today; Aug 7 in Sri Lanka

    National Fuel Pass

    National Fuel pass new registration: Notice from ICTA

    Ali Sabry and S.Jaishankar meet in Cambodia

    Ali Sabry and S.Jaishankar meet in Cambodia

    Wickremesinghe reiterates Sri Lanka’s commitment to the One-China policy

    Wickremesinghe reiterates Sri Lanka’s commitment to the One-China policy

    Similarities and differences between the Taiwan and Ukraine crises

    Similarities and differences between the Taiwan and Ukraine crises

  • World
    • All
    • Japan
    • Russia
    • United Kingdom
    • United States
    China’s rise shapes US Foreign Policy:  Noam Chomsky Says

    China’s rise shapes US Foreign Policy:  Noam Chomsky Says

    Wickremesinghe reiterates Sri Lanka’s commitment to the One-China policy

    Wickremesinghe reiterates Sri Lanka’s commitment to the One-China policy

    Similarities and differences between the Taiwan and Ukraine crises

    Similarities and differences between the Taiwan and Ukraine crises

    Why Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan is utterly reckless

    Why Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan is utterly reckless

    After buying Twitter, Elon Musk has now said he will buy Coca-Cola to put the 'cocaine' back in.

    Starlink: Why is Elon Musk launching thousands of satellites?

    Boeing

    Boeing to establish R&D facility on sustainable aviation fuel

    Dr. Rohan Gunaratna on the role of Ayman Al Zawahiri in shaping Al Qaeda

    Dr. Rohan Gunaratna on the role of Ayman Al Zawahiri in shaping Al Qaeda

    Al Qaeda Leader Killed In US Drone Strike, Biden Says

    Al Qaeda Leader Killed In US Drone Strike, Biden Says

    Cheeseburger. Image credits - Alamy / BBC

    McDonald’s puts up price of cheeseburger for first time in 14 years

  • Business
  • Politics
  • Sports
  • Entertainment
    • All
    • Books
    • Gaming
    • Movie
    • Music
    • Series
    Marvel has unleashed the first look teaser of Black Panther 2.

    Black Panther Wakanda Forever: Marvel pays emotional tribute to Chadwick Boseman

    Stranger Things

    Netflix confirms ‘Stranger Things’ spinoff and play

    Kamal Haasan's Vikram is on a rampage.

    Kamal Haasan’s Vikram is the highest-grossing film in Singapore, UK and UAE

    Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone

    ‘Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone’ celebrates 25 magical years

    Salman Khan

    Plot to kill Bollywood actor Salman Khan revealed

    Shah Rukh Khan's Jawaan, to be directed by Atlee, to scheduled for June 2023 release. (Photo: Twitter)

    Shah Rukh Khan announces new film ‘Jawaan’

    Chchutir diner Gaan by Bangladeshi singer Nondita

    Chchutir diner Gaan by Bangladeshi singer Nondita

    Song “Bechain Nazar Betaab Jigar”. Talat Mahmood. Film “Yasmin” 1955

    Song “Bechain Nazar Betaab Jigar”. Talat Mahmood. Film “Yasmin” 1955

    ‘KGF Chapter 2’

    ‘KGF Chapter 2’ becomes 3rd-highest-grossing Hindi film

  • Lifestyle
    • All
    • Fashion
    • Food
    • Health
    • Science
    • Travel
    Cheeseburger. Image credits - Alamy / BBC

    McDonald’s puts up price of cheeseburger for first time in 14 years

    WHO declares rapidly spreading monkeypox outbreak a global health emergency

    WHO declares rapidly spreading monkeypox outbreak a global health emergency

    Sushmita Sen. Image credits - Getty Images

    Sushmita Sen: Why ‘gold digger’ jibe caused outrage

    Honey. Image credits - Mariana Ibanez / Unsplash

    7 unique health benefits of honey

    alcohol

    Alcohol is never healthy for people under 40, study finds

    world’s happiest countries in 2022

    List of world’s happiest countries in 2022

    Emirates

    Emirates statement on operations at London Heathrow

    The main aim of the team is to enable them to collect microplastics in deeper water and provide information to analyse marine pollution in real time. (File Pic)

    Chinese scientists develop robot fish that gobble up microplastics

    Bicycle. Image credits - Febiyan @febiyanr / Unsplash

    10 essential biking rules every cyclist should know

    Luggage. Image credits - Caroline Selfors @cselfors / Unsplash

    London’s Heathrow tells airlines to stop ticket sales as it caps passengers

    Trending Tags

    • Golden Globes
    • Mr. Robot
    • MotoGP 2017
    • Climate Change
    • Flat Earth
  • Tech
    After buying Twitter, Elon Musk has now said he will buy Coca-Cola to put the 'cocaine' back in.

    Starlink: Why is Elon Musk launching thousands of satellites?

    Elon Musk offers to buy Twitter for $41 billion

    Twitter sues Elon Musk over $44 billion contract breach

    Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla | Getty Images

    Elon Musk pulls out of $44bn deal to buy Twitter

    Bitcoin. Image credits - Onov3056

    Bitcoin slides below $20,000 to lowest level in 18 months

    Digital banking platform Revolut launches in Sri Lanka

    Digital banking platform Revolut launches in Sri Lanka

    Microsoft's Internet Explorer was first included with a Windows 95 upgrade pack. Image credits - Ina Fried/CNET

    End of an era: Microsoft retires Internet Explorer

    Trending Tags

    • Sillicon Valley
    • Climate Change
    • Election Results
    • Flat Earth
    • Golden Globes
    • MotoGP 2017
    • Mr. Robot
  • Coronavirus
  • Videos
  • Home
  • Around South Asia
    • All
    • Afghanistan
    • Bangladesh
    • Bhutan
    • China
    • India
    • Maldives
    • Myanmar
    • Nepal
    • Pakistan
    • Sri Lanka
    China’s rise shapes US Foreign Policy:  Noam Chomsky Says

    China’s rise shapes US Foreign Policy:  Noam Chomsky Says

    Sino-Indian conflict and economic crisis put Sri Lanka in a cleft stick over “spy” ship visit 

    Sino-Indian conflict and economic crisis put Sri Lanka in a cleft stick over “spy” ship visit 

    Rule of law is not the rule of lawyers – Attorney-at-law Manoj Gamage

    Rule of law is not the rule of lawyers – Attorney-at-law Manoj Gamage

    Sri Lanka respects India’s concerns and asks Chinese spy vessel to defer visit

    Sri Lanka respects India’s concerns and asks Chinese spy vessel to defer visit

    Electricity

    Power cut schedule today; Aug 7 in Sri Lanka

    National Fuel Pass

    National Fuel pass new registration: Notice from ICTA

    Ali Sabry and S.Jaishankar meet in Cambodia

    Ali Sabry and S.Jaishankar meet in Cambodia

    Wickremesinghe reiterates Sri Lanka’s commitment to the One-China policy

    Wickremesinghe reiterates Sri Lanka’s commitment to the One-China policy

    Similarities and differences between the Taiwan and Ukraine crises

    Similarities and differences between the Taiwan and Ukraine crises

  • World
    • All
    • Japan
    • Russia
    • United Kingdom
    • United States
    China’s rise shapes US Foreign Policy:  Noam Chomsky Says

    China’s rise shapes US Foreign Policy:  Noam Chomsky Says

    Wickremesinghe reiterates Sri Lanka’s commitment to the One-China policy

    Wickremesinghe reiterates Sri Lanka’s commitment to the One-China policy

    Similarities and differences between the Taiwan and Ukraine crises

    Similarities and differences between the Taiwan and Ukraine crises

    Why Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan is utterly reckless

    Why Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan is utterly reckless

    After buying Twitter, Elon Musk has now said he will buy Coca-Cola to put the 'cocaine' back in.

    Starlink: Why is Elon Musk launching thousands of satellites?

    Boeing

    Boeing to establish R&D facility on sustainable aviation fuel

    Dr. Rohan Gunaratna on the role of Ayman Al Zawahiri in shaping Al Qaeda

    Dr. Rohan Gunaratna on the role of Ayman Al Zawahiri in shaping Al Qaeda

    Al Qaeda Leader Killed In US Drone Strike, Biden Says

    Al Qaeda Leader Killed In US Drone Strike, Biden Says

    Cheeseburger. Image credits - Alamy / BBC

    McDonald’s puts up price of cheeseburger for first time in 14 years

  • Business
  • Politics
  • Sports
  • Entertainment
    • All
    • Books
    • Gaming
    • Movie
    • Music
    • Series
    Marvel has unleashed the first look teaser of Black Panther 2.

    Black Panther Wakanda Forever: Marvel pays emotional tribute to Chadwick Boseman

    Stranger Things

    Netflix confirms ‘Stranger Things’ spinoff and play

    Kamal Haasan's Vikram is on a rampage.

    Kamal Haasan’s Vikram is the highest-grossing film in Singapore, UK and UAE

    Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone

    ‘Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone’ celebrates 25 magical years

    Salman Khan

    Plot to kill Bollywood actor Salman Khan revealed

    Shah Rukh Khan's Jawaan, to be directed by Atlee, to scheduled for June 2023 release. (Photo: Twitter)

    Shah Rukh Khan announces new film ‘Jawaan’

    Chchutir diner Gaan by Bangladeshi singer Nondita

    Chchutir diner Gaan by Bangladeshi singer Nondita

    Song “Bechain Nazar Betaab Jigar”. Talat Mahmood. Film “Yasmin” 1955

    Song “Bechain Nazar Betaab Jigar”. Talat Mahmood. Film “Yasmin” 1955

    ‘KGF Chapter 2’

    ‘KGF Chapter 2’ becomes 3rd-highest-grossing Hindi film

  • Lifestyle
    • All
    • Fashion
    • Food
    • Health
    • Science
    • Travel
    Cheeseburger. Image credits - Alamy / BBC

    McDonald’s puts up price of cheeseburger for first time in 14 years

    WHO declares rapidly spreading monkeypox outbreak a global health emergency

    WHO declares rapidly spreading monkeypox outbreak a global health emergency

    Sushmita Sen. Image credits - Getty Images

    Sushmita Sen: Why ‘gold digger’ jibe caused outrage

    Honey. Image credits - Mariana Ibanez / Unsplash

    7 unique health benefits of honey

    alcohol

    Alcohol is never healthy for people under 40, study finds

    world’s happiest countries in 2022

    List of world’s happiest countries in 2022

    Emirates

    Emirates statement on operations at London Heathrow

    The main aim of the team is to enable them to collect microplastics in deeper water and provide information to analyse marine pollution in real time. (File Pic)

    Chinese scientists develop robot fish that gobble up microplastics

    Bicycle. Image credits - Febiyan @febiyanr / Unsplash

    10 essential biking rules every cyclist should know

    Luggage. Image credits - Caroline Selfors @cselfors / Unsplash

    London’s Heathrow tells airlines to stop ticket sales as it caps passengers

    Trending Tags

    • Golden Globes
    • Mr. Robot
    • MotoGP 2017
    • Climate Change
    • Flat Earth
  • Tech
    After buying Twitter, Elon Musk has now said he will buy Coca-Cola to put the 'cocaine' back in.

    Starlink: Why is Elon Musk launching thousands of satellites?

    Elon Musk offers to buy Twitter for $41 billion

    Twitter sues Elon Musk over $44 billion contract breach

    Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla | Getty Images

    Elon Musk pulls out of $44bn deal to buy Twitter

    Bitcoin. Image credits - Onov3056

    Bitcoin slides below $20,000 to lowest level in 18 months

    Digital banking platform Revolut launches in Sri Lanka

    Digital banking platform Revolut launches in Sri Lanka

    Microsoft's Internet Explorer was first included with a Windows 95 upgrade pack. Image credits - Ina Fried/CNET

    End of an era: Microsoft retires Internet Explorer

    Trending Tags

    • Sillicon Valley
    • Climate Change
    • Election Results
    • Flat Earth
    • Golden Globes
    • MotoGP 2017
    • Mr. Robot
  • Coronavirus
  • Videos
NewsIn.Asia
No Result
View All Result
Home Uncategorized

It’s time Sri Lanka had a National Maritime Policy, says naval researcher

Editor by Editor
August 6, 2022
in Uncategorized
Reading Time: 5 mins read
3 0
A A
It’s time Sri Lanka had a National Maritime Policy, says naval researcher

India Sri lanka Naval Exercise

Share on WhatsApp

By P.K.Balachandran    

Colombo, August 6 (newsin.asia): In his paper entitled Maritime Strategy for National Development: Sri Lankan perspective published in 2015 in the Proceedings of the  8 th., International  Research Conference held at the Kotelawala Defense Academy,Commander Rohan Joseph of the Sri Lanka Navy strongly urged the Sri Lankan authorities to formulate a comprehensive and long-term “National Maritime Strategy” which is different and broader in scope than a “Military Maritime Strategy.”

In 2016, Com. Joseph had drafted and launched  “Sri Lanka’s Maritime Strategy for the period up to 2025.” But follow-up action on this document is yet to take place, though, with each passing year, the need for such a comprehensive and long-term policy has been mounting. Global conflicts are moving rapidly towards the Indian and Pacific Oceans and Sri Lanka is strategically located in the Indian Ocean.

ADVERTISEMENT

While the world’s powers are aware of the strategic importance of Sri Lanka, the island’s rulers have been ignoring this from the time of independence in 1948. Matters were altogether different when the British ruled the island. During War War II, after the fall of Singapore to the Japanese in 1942, the British rulers gave the defense of Sri Lanka or Ceylon, the highest importance in the fight against the Japanese. British naval and air defenses in the island were dramatically increased and Peradeniya became the HQ of the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in South East Asia, Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten.

But all this faded from memory until the early 1980s, when the Tamil militants began to use the Palk Strait to do gun-running. According to Com. Joseph, the then President J.R.Jayewardene wanted the navy to be strengthened but the army-dominated Lankan military establishment quashed his plan. It was only much later, well into the 2000s, that the government under Mahinda Rajapaksa gave a significant role for the navy to choke the LTTE’s vital maritime supply lines. The war could not have been won without the navy’s playing the stellar role it did from 2008 onwards. Some other countries had given equipment and intelligence which enabled the Lankan navy to operate in the high seas to destroy the LTTE’s floating armories. The navy’s own Small Boat Squadron fought the LTTE near the island’s shores using unconventional but effective tactics.

However, after the war was won in May 2009, no new doctrine was evolved to face post-war threats and threats from the rapidly changing geo-political and geo-military environment. This was so despite the fact that the only threat that Sri Lanka faced post-war, was  from the sea, Com. Joseph points out. And these threats were not just from other navies. More importantly, these were from smugglers, drug and human traffickers, illegal fishers and possibly, seaborne terrorists.

Due to India’s insistence, Sri Lanka has entered into a trilateral agreement with India and the Maldives for Maritime Domain Awareness. Com. Joseph says that international tie-ups are absolutely necessary because no nation can fight these new threats alone in the vast ocean.  Then there are other issues like marine pollution, maritime disasters, and search and rescue to attend to.

Military and National Maritime Strategy

Broadly speaking, maritime strategy has two components, the defense of the sea and the defense of the “littoral”. The “littoral” comprises areas on land which are susceptible to influence from the sea. The littoral covers three quarters of the world’s population, hosts over 80% of the world’s capital cities and nearly all of the marketplaces for international trade, Com. Joseph points out.

The navy is expected to ensure “sea denial” to the enemy. And sea denial stems from “sea control”. But maritime strategy should also encompass other vital areas, including the defense of the country’s economy, environment, and the country’s social and political systems. These are covered by the National Maritime Strategy while the Military Maritime Strategy covers fighting in the sea, playing the policing role and even diplomacy.

Quoting Thompson, W.T, and Cooper, A. (1978), Power projection: A net assessment of the US and Soviet capabilities, Com Joseph says: “National maritime strategy incorporates all arms of government and is usually focused on marine areas out to the edge of the exclusive economic zone or the seabed boundary while the military maritime strategy denotes the involvement of all arms; sea, land and air which can influence operations or activities in the marine environment.”

Sri Lanka needs a National Maritime Strategy for the following reasons, says Com. Joseph: According to the National Aquaculture Development Authority (NARA), in 2011, around 86% of Lanka’s fish supply came from the sea. The recent discovery and exploration of oil and gas reserves could easily open a host of new economic opportunities he adds.  Oil and/or gas potential exists in the Mannar Basin to the west, Cauvery Basin to the north, Bengal fan deposits to the east, and newly identified sedimentary basins to the south of the island. There is also “potential gas hydrates zone offshore Sri Lanka covering an area of approximately 50,000 km2, to produce 364 x 10*(14) Kwh of energy (SAARC Energy center, 2010),” he adds.

Sri Lanka is located at one of the most important international shipping routes. Apart from providing required infrastructure facilities and other services to ships that are calling on its ports, the influence these ships have on the Sri Lankan economy is quite significant. “According to Central Bank report 2013, compared to the corresponding period of 2012, total cargo handling and container handling increased by 0.9 per cent to 44.1 million MTs and by 1.5 per cent to 2.9 million TEUs, respectively. Meanwhile, transhipment handling improved significantly by 3.8 per cent to 2.1 million TEUs reflecting Sri Lanka’s attractiveness to large shipping lines that prefer to deliver cargo to a transhipment hub and subsequently deliver to smaller ports in the region. This is a major area of national development of Sri Lanka,” Com.Joseph points out.

Further, there is vast scope in ship repair and building, he says. “Sri Lankan professionals are capable of designing and building both aluminium and steel hull vessels and specialized in high speed patrol boats indigenously.

Sri Lanka also has scope in the offshore energy sector support vessels “A grand strategy is of utmost importance to fit these sectors to reap potential economic benefits closely integrated with other entities,” Com.Joseph says.

Delimitation of the Continental Shelf (DECOM) as provided in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) was initiated as far back as 1999 by Sri Lanka and was completed in 2009. “The submission was made in respect to a part of the area of three million square Km of a submarine fan of sediments in the Bay of Bengal. This unique feature spans an area of 3000 Km in length and 830 to 1430 Km in width. Sri Lanka’s claim of the extended continental shelf is about 20 times the land area.”

“This is indeed a huge area for a small country like Sri Lanka. Conducting surveillance, scientific research, infrastructure expansion etc. are among the many other important aspects that Sri Lanka will need to look through a broader maritime strategic plan that is essentially based on a Grand National maritime strategy,” Com.Joseph submits.”

END

Related Posts

Sino-Indian conflict and economic crisis put Sri Lanka in a cleft stick over “spy” ship visit 
China

Sino-Indian conflict and economic crisis put Sri Lanka in a cleft stick over “spy” ship visit 

August 7, 2022
Tightrope walk in trying times
Uncategorized

Tightrope walk in trying times

August 6, 2022
Why is Bangladesh going for IMF help?
Bangladesh

Why is Bangladesh going for IMF help?

August 2, 2022
Announcement from Ceylon Electricity Board 
Uncategorized

Announcement from Ceylon Electricity Board 

August 1, 2022
Elon Musk offers to buy Twitter for $41 billion
Uncategorized

Elon Musk slaps Twitter with countersuit over $44 billion buyout

July 30, 2022
Covid-19 virus evolving to get better at becoming airborne: Report
Uncategorized

Million in lockdown in Wuhan after four cases

July 28, 2022
  • Electricity

    Power cut schedule today; Aug 7 in Sri Lanka

    48774 shares
    Share 19523 Tweet 12188
  • Registration open for National Fuel Pass

    6532 shares
    Share 2650 Tweet 1618
  • Foreign Exchange Rates from Central Bank of Sri Lanka; USD, GBP, EUR, SGD, CAD

    1349 shares
    Share 546 Tweet 335
  • WATCH : Yohani’s first live performance in India

    785 shares
    Share 327 Tweet 191
  • Power interruption schedule released: Check your area power cut time

    734 shares
    Share 312 Tweet 176
  • About Us
  • Advertisements
  • Privacy Policy
  • Contact

© 2022 All rights reserved.

No Result
View All Result
  • Home
  • Around South Asia
    • Afghanistan
    • Bangladesh
    • Bhutan
    • China
    • India
    • Maldives
    • Myanmar
    • Nepal
    • Pakistan
    • Sri Lanka
  • Around The World
  • Breaking News
  • Business
    • Exchange
  • Climate Change
  • Governance
    • Crime
    • Diplomacy
    • Defense
    • Human Rights
    • Politics
    • Strategic Affairs
  • Lifestyle
    • Books
    • Entertainment
      • Arts
      • Cinema
      • Gaming
      • Music
      • Movie
      • Series
      • TV
    • Health
    • Fashion
    • Food
    • Travel
  • Culture
    • Ethnicity
    • Gender
  • Development news
  • Economy
  • Education
  • Environment
  • Coronavirus
  • History
  • National
  • Offbeat
    • Media
    • Music and arts across South Asia
  • Recommended
    • Headlines
    • Highlights
    • Top Picture
    • Top Story
  • Religion
  • Science
  • Sports
    • Football
    • Cricket
      • LPL
      • IPL
    • Tennis
    • Formula 1
    • NBA
  • Tech
    • Instagram
  • United Nations
  • Weather
  • World
    • Japan
    • Russia
    • United States
  • Videos

© 2022 All rights reserved.

Welcome Back!

Login to your account below

Forgotten Password? Sign Up

Create New Account!

Fill the forms below to register

All fields are required. Log In

Retrieve your password

Please enter your username or email address to reset your password.

Log In

Add New Playlist

mersin eskort -

Meritroyalbet

-
Jojobet
- Süperbetin - eskisehir escort -

https://www.vudols.com/

- Sağlık Personeli - istanbul avukat